@article{bibcite_284,
  keywords = {Drug Design, Humans, Molecular Docking Simulation, Protein Conformation, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Small Molecule Libraries, Molecular Dynamics Simulation},
  author = {H. Zhao and D. Huang and A. Caflisch},
  title = {Discovery of tyrosine kinase inhibitors by docking into an inactive kinase conformation generated by molecular dynamics},
  abstract = {<p>Several small molecules that bind to the inactive DFG-out conformation of tyrosine kinases (called type II inhibitors) have shown a good selectivity profile over other kinase targets. To obtain a set of DFG-out structures, we performed an explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of the complex of the catalytic domain of a tyrosine kinase receptor, ephrin type-A receptor 3 (EphA3), and a manually docked type II inhibitor. Automatic docking of four previously reported type II inhibitors was used to select a single snapshot from the MD trajectory for virtual screening. High-throughput docking of a pharmacophore-tailored library of 175,000 molecules resulted in about 4 million poses, which were further filtered by van der Waals efficiency and ranked according to a force-field-based energy function. Notably, around 20 \% of the compounds with predicted binding energy smaller than -10 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup> are known type II inhibitors. Moreover, a series of 5-(piperazine-1-yl)isoquinoline derivatives was identified as a novel class of low-micromolar inhibitors of EphA3 and unphosphorylated Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl1). The <i>in silico</i> predicted binding mode of the new inhibitors suggested a similar affinity to the gatekeeper mutant T315I of Abl1, which was verified <i>in vitro</i> by using a competition binding assay. Additional evidence for the type II binding mode was obtained by two 300 ns MD simulations of the complex between <i>N</i>-(3-chloro-4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl)-2-(4-(8-nitroisoquinolin-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl)acetamide and EphA3.</p>},
  year = {2012},
  journal = {ChemMedChem},
  volume = {7},
  pages = {1983-1990},
  month = {2012 Nov},
  issn = {1860-7187},
  doi = {10.1002/cmdc.201200331},
  language = {eng},
}